### q12 effective antitrust enforcement requires transparency > From 1995-1998, Congress debated how to get rid of the public utility framework around shipping, with the encouragement of the Clinton administration. The key change they settled on was to eliminate the transparency provisions of the Shipping Act by allowing secret deals between ocean carriers and shippers, while retaining the antitrust exemption. Now carriers could discriminate against smaller exporters or importers, they could retaliate against anyone who complained or used a competitor, they could price-gouge without anyone knowing about it, and antitrust enforcers and regulators basically had to stand aside. - [View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01fmd84brp01y1crm2m41tgghx) - [[Too Big to Sail How a Legal Revolution Clogged Our Ports by Matt Stoller#q12 effective antitrust enforcement requires transparency|View in Vault]]